Single Audit Guide (2 CFR 200)

    Single Audit Preparation Checklist — 2 CFR Part 200 (Uniform Guidance)

    What documentation is required for a Single Audit (2 CFR 200)?

    Single Audit documentation includes: a Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards (SEFA) listing all federal grants by ALN number, major program determination worksheet, contemporaneous time and effort records for all grant-funded employees, competitive bidding documentation for purchases over $10,000, sub-recipient monitoring records, prior-year Data Collection Form, and all grant agreements with amendments for each federal program tested.

    Single Audit Submission Deadlines

    Single Audit Submission Deadlines by Fiscal Year-End

    FeatureFiscal Year-EndAudit Due DateFAC Submission Deadline
    December 31September 30 (audit complete)September 30 (FAC submission)
    June 30March 31 (audit complete)March 31 (FAC submission)
    September 30June 30 (audit complete)June 30 (FAC submission)
    Any date9 months after FYEEarlier of: 30 days after report OR 9 months after FYE

    The 8-Item Single Audit Preparation Checklist

    1. Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards (SEFA)

    List every federal grant expended during the year: federal agency, program name, ALN (Assistance Listing Number, formerly CFDA number), federal award number, pass-through entity name (if applicable), total expenditures. Identify which grants are direct awards vs. pass-throughs. Auditors will verify the SEFA against your general ledger and grant agreements.

    2. Major Program Determination Worksheet

    Calculate Type A program threshold: greater of (a) $1,000,000 or (b) 3% of total federal expenditures. Identify all Type A programs. Conduct risk assessment for Type B programs. Document the determination of which programs are major and require compliance testing.

    3. Time & Effort Documentation

    For every employee whose salary is charged (in whole or in part) to a federal grant: prepare or compile contemporaneous time records (timesheets or semi-annual certifications for single-program employees). Records must cover 100% of the employee's work time — not just grant-funded time.

    4. Procurement Documentation

    For all purchases and contracts: document the procurement method used (micro-purchase, simplified acquisition, sealed bids, competitive proposals). For purchases over the micro-purchase threshold ($10,000 under most grants), maintain records of competitive bids or documented justification for sole-source procurement.

    5. Sub-recipient Monitoring Records

    If you pass federal awards to sub-recipients: prepare risk assessment documentation for each sub-recipient, monitoring activity records (desk reviews, site visits), copies of sub-recipient financial and performance reports, and documentation of any sub-recipient audit review.

    6. Corrective Action Plan for Prior-Year Findings

    Review the prior-year schedule of findings and questioned costs. For each finding, prepare a written corrective action plan (CAP) or documented evidence of remediation. If a finding is disputed, prepare a management response explaining the disagreement.

    7. Grant Agreements & Amendments

    Compile complete grant files for each major program: original award notice, all amendments, approved budget (with any revisions), reporting requirements, and any special conditions or grant terms.

    8. Federal Financial Reports (FFR/SF-425)

    Compile all Federal Financial Reports (SF-425) submitted during the year for each major program. Auditors will test that FFR-reported expenditures reconcile to your general ledger and SEFA.

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    Single Audit Timeline — Month by Month

    Month 1 after FYE

    Close books, prepare SEFA, begin major program determination

    Month 2

    Compile T&E documentation, procurement records, sub-recipient files

    Month 2–3

    Auditor fieldwork begins

    Month 4–6

    Auditor completes testing, issues draft reports

    Month 7–9

    Management reviews, signs representation letter, auditor issues final reports

    Month 9

    Submit Data Collection Form + audit package to Federal Audit Clearinghouse (FAC)

    5 Most Common Single Audit Findings

    Time & Effort Documentation Failures

    Inadequate or reconstructed time records for grant-funded staff. Timesheets must be contemporaneous — prepared at the time work is performed, not recreated at year-end.

    Procurement Violations

    Purchases over the micro-purchase threshold without documented competitive bids. This includes professional services contracts (consulting, IT) — not just physical goods.

    SEFA Omissions or Errors

    Missing grants from the SEFA, incorrect ALN numbers, or failure to include pass-through grants. Every federal dollar expended must appear on the SEFA.

    Sub-recipient Monitoring Failures

    Pass-through entities that don't perform required monitoring of sub-recipients — including risk assessments, report reviews, and high-risk site visits.

    Allowable Cost Violations

    Expenditures charged to grants that don't meet the applicable cost principles (2 CFR Part 200 Subpart E). Common examples: unallowable entertainment costs, personal expenses, and costs without adequate documentation.

    Frequently Asked Questions

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